Angolan Civil War

AD – MPE: 0.04

ND – MPE: 0.36

In the article called “Angola: civil war” the website “Mass Atrocity Endings” cites 11 estimates for the number of war deaths from 1975 to 2002. Their numbers for civilians killed range from 0.05 to 1.5 million. The highest numbers include over a million deaths from malnutrition and disease. There were brutal sieges in the war, but most of these indirect deaths probably weren’t the result of criminal policies. Plausible estimates for the number of civilians killed range from 0.1 to 0.8 million.

The US supported the FNLA and UNITA with money, weapons, training, mercenaries and diplomacy. This support was highly significant. France supported the MPLA with weapons. I blame democratic pioneers for 5 to 15 percent of the war victims.

I choose 0.36 as the most plausible estimate for the number of civilians killed by nondemocratic forces.